Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent celebration of Makar Sankranti with Punganur breed cows carries a profound message, reflecting his commitment to the conservation of indigenous bovine breeds in India. The images of PM Modi petting and feeding these distinct-looking cows, known for their small size and nutritional milk, sparked curiosity and speculation on social media about their origins.
The Punganur breed, native to Andhra Pradesh, faced the threat of extinction due to indiscriminate crossbreeding aimed at boosting milk yield. PM Modi’s choice of these cows aligns with his government’s emphasis on conserving indigenous breeds. The Rashtriya Gokul Mission, initiated in December 2014, focuses on enhancing milk production from native bovines, making dairying more remunerative for rural farmers.
The ‘Gau Seva’ aspect of the 11-day ritual for the consecration of the idol of Lord Ram further highlights PM Modi’s dedication to the cause. Referring to cows as “mothers,” he underscores the cultural and economic significance of these animals in Indian society. The Punganur cows, with their unique characteristics, symbolize the need for preserving diversity in India’s cattle population.
These cows, once on the brink of extinction, have become a ‘goldmine’ in Andhra Pradesh, with socio-religious significance and economic value through the sale of urine and dung.
The historical association of Punganur cows with wealth and prosperity, dating back to the Vijaynagar Emperors, adds cultural depth to their conservation. Despite the economic benefits and reverence associated with these cows, their population dwindled, necessitating initiatives like the Andhra Pradesh Government’s ‘Mission Punganur.’
PM Modi’s celebration with Punganur cows emphasizes the broader need for attention to indigenous breeds across India. With 142.11 million belonging to indigenous breeds out of the total cattle population of 192.49 million in 2019, there is a crucial role in sustaining these breeds. Gir, Sahiwal, Bargur, Onglore, and Kaangayam are among the numerous indigenous breeds that contribute to this rich diversity.
The decline in the population of indigenous breeds from 151 million in 2012 to 142.11 million in 2019 highlights the urgency of conservation efforts. The dip in the male population during this period raises concerns about genetic diversity. PM Modi’s focus on indigenous breeds aligns with India’s aim to produce 300 MMT of milk by 2023-24, emphasizing a shift back to these native breeds.
Historically, as India sought to increase milk production, jersey and cross-bred cows gained favor. However, the renewed emphasis on indigenous breeds signals a shift in priorities. PM Modi’s choice to share photos with Punganur cows amplifies the importance of public support in making this conservation effort successful.
In the context of the ‘Pran Pratishtha’ ceremony for the Ram temple in Ayodhya, PM Modi’s ‘Gau Seva’ aligns with the reverence for cows in Hindu culture. The symbolism of caring for these cows extends beyond the immediate celebration, conveying a larger message of environmental sustainability, cultural preservation, and economic empowerment for farmers.
In conclusion, PM Modi’s celebration with Punganur cows on Makar Sankranti serves as a powerful visual representation of his commitment to the conservation of indigenous bovine breeds. Beyond the ‘cute’ factor, these cows represent a cultural heritage, economic opportunity, and environmental sustainability. The broader message emphasizes the need for collective efforts to ensure the well-being and continuity of India’s diverse cattle population.